Data Logger Meteo-42 User's Manual

Ammonit Measurement GmbH

Warranty and License Information

All rights reserved.

All our products are carefully examined before delivery. If any problems should occur we will do our best to ensure that measurements can be resumed in the shortest possible time. In the event of inappropriate use, mechanical or electrical overloading we provide no warranty. We accept no liability for any form of consequential damage.

The right to make alterations is reserved.


          Ammonit Measurement GmbH
          Wrangelstraße 100
          10997
          Berlin
          Germany
        

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Mozilla Firefox is a registered trademark of the Mozilla Foundation. Windows and Internet Explorer are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp.

Meteo-42 includes free software developed by third parties, including software code subject to the GNU General Public License (GPL). See Chapter , GNU General Public License to view the terms of this license.

To access the source code distributed under the terms of the GPL or the LGPL used in Meteo-42, contact Ammonit.

[Warning]Caution

In order to ensure that Meteo-42 data loggers work properly, some requirements should be met.

The data logger can be affected by extreme temperature and humidity conditions. Meteo-42 is designed to operate properly at temperatures between -40 °C and +65 °C in non-condensing environments. The display is readable between -20 °C and +70 °C.

On site the data logger has to be installed in a robust and weatherproof cabinet (see also at www.ammonit.com). The cabinet protects Meteo-42 against weather and condensation damage, theft and vandalism. If humidity tolerance is exceeded and moisture penetrates, the electronics of Meteo-42 can be damaged. Users are responsible for effective humidity control.

Handle Meteo-42 with care, do not drop the device, and avoid mechanical shocks and vibrations to prevent the electronics from being damaged. Do not try to open or break the Meteo-42 housing or any of the slots. Avoid permanent pressure on the data logger.

To ensure that Meteo-42 operates properly, install only equipment, e.g. sensors, adapters and cables, which is undamaged and approved by Ammonit. Contact Ammonit with any questions.


Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1. Opening Remarks
1.2. Overview of Meteo-42
1.3. Meteo-42 Series
1.4. The Two Systems of Meteo-42
1.4.1. CECS: Switch on / off behaviour
1.5. Data Storage
1.6. User Interfaces
1.7. Communication Methods and Required Devices
2. Getting Started with Meteo-42
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Using Bonjour™ on Windows
2.3. Connecting Meteo-42 via Ethernet to your LAN
2.4. Connecting Meteo-42 to your Windows 10™ PC via point-to-point Ethernet connection
2.4.1. Using link-local connection
2.4.2. Using static IP address
2.5. Connecting Meteo-42 with your Windows 10™ PC via USB
2.5.1. Standard RNDIS USB Driver
2.6. Using Meteo-42 with Linux
3. Login at Meteo-42
3.1. Login Options
3.2. Global Control Elements
3.3. Menu of the Web Interface
4. System Configuration
4.1. System Information
4.2. System Administration
4.2.1. User Management
4.2.2. API App Management
4.3. Signing and Encrypting Exported Data Files
4.3.1. Working with Gpg4win to Decrypt and Verify Files on Windows™ PCs
4.3.2. Verifying digital signatures in the Windows Explorer
4.3.3. Decrypting files in the Windows Explorer
4.4. Upgrade Data Logger Software
4.4.1. Upgrade using a Smartphone
4.4.2. Software Upgrade Behind a Firewall
4.4.3. Offline Upgrade using USB Flash Drive
4.5. The Device Page
4.5.1. Display Access
4.5.2. Connected USB Devices
4.5.3. USB Flash Drive Copy
4.5.4. Show USB Files
4.6. Using a Camera
4.6.1. Camera Configuration
4.7. Configuring Switches
4.8. Logic Controller
4.8.1. Use cases
4.9. Using the Logbook
4.9.1. Logbook Events
5. Measurement
5.1. Sensor Configuration
5.1.1. Difference between Sensors, Channels, and Evaluations
5.1.2. Sensor Helper
5.1.3. Order of Sensors and Evaluations
5.1.4. RS-485 Serial Interface
5.2. Measurement Channels
5.3. Configuring the Evaluation
5.3.1. Evaluation Helper
6. Data Evaluation
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Live Data Page
6.2.1. Publishing live data
6.3. Statistics Data Files
6.3.1. Configuring Statistics and CSV files
6.4. Secondary and Tertiary Statistics Files
6.4.1. Secondary Statistics Files
6.4.2. Tertiary Statistics Files
6.5. Gust Data Files
6.6. The CSV File Format
6.6.1. Ammonit Meteo-42 specific details
6.6.2. CSV import in LibreOffice or OpenOffice
6.6.3. CSV Import in Microsoft Excel 2010
6.7. Access to Source Data
7. Communication
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Configuring the Communication Schedule
7.3. Configuring Online Access
7.4. Configuration for using AmmonitOR
7.4.1. Authenticating Meteo-42 at your local AmmonitOR installation
7.5. Configuring Email Parameters
7.5.1. Signing and Encrypting Emails and Attachments
7.6. Configuring SCP, FTP, SFTP and FTPS Parameters
7.7. Configuring LAN Parameters
7.7.1. Configuring a Static IP address in a LAN
7.8. Configuring WLAN
7.9. Configuring the Modem
7.9.1. Using the Provider Helper
7.9.2. Short Message Service
7.9.3. Working with Static IP SIM cards
7.9.4. Two Ways to Establish an Online Connection via Modem
7.9.5. Reset PIN Code of Locked SIM Card
7.9.6. Connecting a GSM/GPRS Modem to Meteo-42
7.9.7. Connecting a BGAN Satellite Modem to Meteo-42
7.10. API
7.10.1. API principles
7.10.2. Avaliable API calls
7.11. Troubleshooting
7.11.1. How to perform the test for tunnel and AmmonitOR
8. SCADA
8.1. Configuring Meteo-42 for SCADA
8.1.1. CECS power mode
8.1.2. Statistics selection
8.1.3. Diagnose Tool
8.2. Meteo-42 and Modbus
8.2.1. Input Registers
8.2.2. Holding Registers
8.3. Cascading two Meteo-42 Data Loggers using RS-485
8.3.1. Configuration of the servers
8.3.2. Configuration of the client
9. Using the Display
9.1. Assigning Permissions to Display Users
9.2. LED Lights
9.3. Navigating through the Display Menu
9.4. Menu: System
9.5. Menu: Status
9.6. Menu: Channels
9.7. Menu: Communication
10. Sensors
10.1. Sensors for Wind Resource Assessment and Wind Farm Monitoring
10.2. Sensors for Solar Resource Assessment
10.3. Other Sensors for Meteorological Purposes
10.4. Devices for Electrical Measurements
10.5. Research Applications
10.6. Anemometers
10.6.1. Thies First Class Advanced X
10.6.2. Propeller Anemometer Young
10.7. Wind Vanes
10.7.1. Digital Wind Vanes Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR)
10.7.2. Wind Vanes with Potentiometer
10.7.3. Wind Vanes connected to RS-485 client
10.7.4. Kintech Geovane
10.8. Ultrasonic Anemometers
10.8.1. NMEA MWV V 2.0
10.8.2. Thies Ultrasonic Configuration Options
10.8.3. Lufft UMB Configuration Tool
10.8.4. Gill Wind Configuration Tool
10.9. Weather and Environmental Integrated Monitoring Stations
10.10. Temperature Humidity Sensors
10.10.1. Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) / Pt100 / Pt1000
10.10.2. Temperature Humidity Sensors connected to RS-485 client
10.11. Barometric Pressure Sensors
10.11.1. Barometric Pressure Sensors connected to RS-485 client
10.12. Solar Sensors
10.12.1. Pyranometers
10.12.2. Delta-T Sunshine SPN 1
10.12.3. Pyrheliometers
10.12.4. Sunshine Duration Sensors
10.12.5. Solar Trackers
10.12.6. Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer
10.12.7. Reference Cell
10.12.8. Solar Module Surface Temperature Sensors
10.13. Precipitation Sensors
10.13.1. Rain Gauge
10.13.2. Laser Precipitation Monitors
10.14. Multifunction Transducer, Power Meters and other Electrical Measurement Devices
10.14.1. Sineax Measuring Units
10.14.2. SYCBA Monitor Power Meter
10.15. Remote Sensing
10.15.1. ZX 300 LiDAR
10.16. Bats Detection
10.16.1. Song Meter SM3BAT/SM4BAT
10.17. Lightning Detector
10.17.1. SG1000 Lightning Detector
10.18. Soil Water Content
10.19. Soiling Measurement
10.19.1. Atonometrics RDE300
10.19.2. Ammonit Soiling Measurement Kit SD2100
10.19.3. Kipp & Zonen DustIQ
10.20. Other RS-485 Sensors
10.20.1. RS-485 Multiplexer
10.20.2. Configuring generic Modbus RTU sensors
11. Channels
11.1. Connecting Sensors to Analog Voltage Channels
11.2. Connecting Sensors to Counter / Period Channels
11.2.1. Period measurement
11.3. Connecting Sensors to Digital Channels
11.3.1. Functionality Check of Clock Output
11.4. Connecting Sensors to Current Source
11.5. Connecting Sensors to Voltage Source
11.6. Connecting Sensors to RS-485 Client
11.6.1. RS-485-Bus: Notes on Termination and Biasing
11.6.2. Configuring Sensors for RS-485 client in the User Interface
11.6.3. SDI-12 sensors
11.7. Using the Switches
12. Technical Data
12.1. Specification
12.2. Electrical Characteristics
12.2.1. Electrical Specifications of Analog Voltage Channels / Differential Inputs
12.2.2. Electrical Specifications of Counter Channels / Non-Differential Inputs
12.2.3. Electrical Specifications of Digital Channels (Serial Input / Output)
12.2.4. Electrical Specifications for Digital Clock Output
12.2.5. Electrical Specifications for Analog Current Source
12.2.6. Electrical Specifications for Precision 5V Voltage Source
12.2.7. Electrical Specifications for Switches
12.2.8. Electrical Specifications of the RS-485 Interface
12.2.9. Electrical Specification of the Ethernet Interface
12.2.10. Electrical Specification of the USB Interfaces
12.2.11. Electrical Specifications of Internal Measurements
12.2.12. Electrical Specification of the Power Supply
13. Electrical Connection Plans
14. Cryptographic Software
15. Maintenance and Care
15.1. Operation and Storage
15.2. Overvoltage / Lightning Protection
16. Frequently Asked Questions
16.1. Local Communication
16.2. Remote Communication
16.2.1. Modem
16.2.2. AmmonitConnect
16.3. Firmware Upgrade
16.4. Data: Format, Transfer and Download
16.5. Sensor: Configuration and Connection
16.5.1. Sensor Configuration
16.5.2. Sensor Connection
16.6. Measurement
16.7. Errors and Messages
Release Notes
1. Version 2.3.8 (2025-04-10)
2. Version 2.3.7 (2025-03-19)
3. Version 2.3.6 (2024-12-13)
4. Version 2.3.5 (2024-11-20)
5. Version 2.3.4 (2024-11-13)
6. Version 2.3.3 (2024-11-06)
7. Version 2.3.2 (2024-09-17)
8. Version 2.3.1 (2024-09-06)
9. Version 2.3.0 (2024-09-05)
10. Version 2.2.9 (2024-08-08)
11. Version 2.2.8 (2024-07-16)
12. Version 2.2.7 (2024-06-25)
13. Version 2.2.6 (2024-03-13)
14. Version 2.2.5 (2024-02-16)
15. Version 2.2.4 (2024-02-08)
16. Version 2.2.3 (2023-12-13)
17. Version 2.2.2 (2023-12-06)
18. Version 2.2.1 (2023-10-27)
19. Version 2.2.0 (2023-10-18)
20. Known Problems
GNU General Public License
1. Preamble
2. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
2.1. Section 0
2.2. Section 1
2.3. Section 2
2.4. Section 3
2.5. Section 4
2.6. Section 5
2.7. Section 6
2.8. Section 7
2.9. Section 8
2.10. Section 9
2.11. Section 10
2.12. NO WARRANTY Section 11
2.13. Section 12
3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
Glossary
Index

List of Figures

1.1. Overview of Meteo-42L
1.2. Meteo-42L Terminal
1.3. Meteo-42M Terminal
1.4. Meteo-42A Terminal
1.5. Block diagram of Meteo-42
2.1. Accessing Meteo-42 via LAN (see Section 2.3, “Connecting Meteo-42 via Ethernet to your LAN”)
2.2. Accessing Meteo-42 via Point-to-Point Ethernet Connection (see Section 2.4, “Connecting Meteo-42 to your Windows 10™ PC via point-to-point Ethernet connection”)
2.3. Accessing Meteo-42 via USB-B (see Section 2.5, “Connecting Meteo-42 with your Windows 10™ PC via USB”)
2.4. Ethernet / USB ports of Meteo-42L
2.5. Meteo-42 web interface initial screen
2.6. Firefox Connection Untrusted alert page
2.7. Add Security Exception
2.8. Meteo-42 web interface initial screen
2.9. Meteo-42 display with activated link-local connection
2.10. Network and Sharing Center of Windows 7
2.11. LAN Connection Status
2.12. Properties of LAN Connection
2.13. Properties of Internet Protocol
2.14. Meteo-42 display with activated link-local connection
2.15. Mozilla Firefox Connection Untrusted Alert Page
2.16. Add Security Exception
2.17. Meteo-42 web interface initial screen
2.18. Unpack Windows Driver Software
2.19. Select Installation of RNDIS Driver
2.20. Confirm Security Warning
2.21. Confirm Operation Successful
2.22. Firefox Connection Untrusted alert page
2.23. Add Security Exception
2.24. Meteo-42 web interface initial screen
3.1. Login Screen
3.2. Meteo-42 Status Box with Recording Enabled
3.3. Meteo-42 Status Box with Recording Disabled
4.1. System Information Page
4.2. Assigning a Data Logger Name
4.3. Restart or Shutdown CECS
4.4. Configuring Date, Time and Location of the Data Logger
4.5. Data Logger Location displayed in Google Earth
4.6. Signing and Encryption
4.7. Allow Manufacturer Administration
4.8. Deleting All Measurement Data
4.9. Factory Reset
4.10. User List
4.11. Add a New User
4.12. User List with Custom User
4.13. API App Management
4.14. Importing the Public key into Gpg4win
4.15. Creating the private key
4.16. Certifying the Public key
4.17. Verifying the Fingerprint
4.18. Trusted Certificates
4.19. Verifying signed files
4.20. Successfully verified signature
4.21. Decrypting files via the GpgEx plug-in for Windows Explorer
4.22. Decryption via Kleopatra Software
4.23. Password Prompt for Decryption
4.24. Successful File Decryption
4.25. System Upgrade
4.26. System Upgrade
4.27. Tethering Settings of an Android™ smartphone
4.28. Press the right arrow button
4.29. Reading the image
4.30. Successful upgrade
4.31. Remote Display
4.32. Display Settings
4.33. Configuring the USB Flash Drive Copy
4.34. Formatting the USB flash drive (Windows™ PC)
4.35. Camera Image
4.36. Attaching Camera Images
4.37. Switch Configuration
4.38. Logic Controller Rules
4.39. Logic Controller Helper
4.40. Heating control
4.41. Precipitation alarm
4.42. Power supply
4.43. Beaconing
4.44. Freezing detection
4.45. RS-485 communication problems
4.46. Logbook
5.1. Sensor Definitions
5.2. Sensor Helper with Sensor Settings
5.3. RS-485 Serial Interface
5.4. Measurement Channels Overview
5.5. Screenshot of the Configuration for the Evaluation
5.6. Evaluation for Air Density
5.7. Evaluation for linear equation
6.1. Downloading Statistics
6.2. Configuring the Statistics
6.3. Statistics Selection Page
6.4. Vectorial Calculation for the Wind Direction
6.5. Secondary Statistics Page
6.6. Tertiary Statistics Page
6.7. Gust Data Calendar
6.8. Gust Configuration Parameters
6.9. Gust Evaluations Selection
6.10. LibreOffice CSV-file import settings
6.11. Microsoft Excel 2010™ CSV Import (1)
6.12. Microsoft Excel 2010™ CSV Import (2)
6.13. Microsoft Excel 2010™ CSV Import (3)
6.14. Microsoft Excel 2010™ CSV Import (4)
6.15. Microsoft Excel 2010™ CSV Import (5)
6.16. Microsoft Excel 2010™ CSV Import (6)
6.17. Microsoft Excel 2010™ Format Cells
6.18. Screenshot of the Source Data Page
7.1. Configuring the Schedule
7.2. Communication between Meteo-42 and PC via AmmonitConnect
7.3. Configuring the Online Access
7.4. Entering the AmmonitConnect Access Code
7.5. Communication via AmmonitConnect (closed tunnel)
7.6. AmmonitOR Settings
7.7. Connection Log in AmmonitOR
7.8. Configuring Email Parameters
7.9. Verifying files in Microsoft Outlook
7.10. Verifying signatures in Microsoft Outlook
7.11. Successful validation of the signature
7.12. Verifying signed test mails
7.13. GgpOL add-in in Microsoft Outlook
7.14. Configuring the Remote Copy Parameters
7.15. Configuring LAN parameters
7.16. Configuring a Static IP Address in a LAN
7.17. Configuring WLAN Parameters
7.18. Modem Configuration
7.19. Meteo-42 Provider Helper
7.20. Settings for Short Message Service
7.21. Inserting SIM Card into modem Fastback Extend EDGE FXT009
7.22. Device Manager
7.23. Modem Properties
7.24. PuTTY Configuration
7.25. PuTTY Command Window
7.26. Check BGAN optimal settings
7.27. Select "Communication"
7.28. Select "Check Connection"
7.29. View results of check
8.1. Configuring SCADA Parameters
8.2. SCADA diagnose tool
8.3. SCADA Modbus Register Table
9.1. Use of the Meteo-42 buttons
10.1. Ammonit Soiling Measurement Kit
10.2. Ammonit Soiling Measurement Kit Effective Irradiance Soiled PV
10.3. Ammonit Soiling Measurement Kit configuration
10.4. Ammonit Soiling Measurement Kit Normalization
10.5. Ammonit Soiling Measurement Kit Soiling Ratio ISC
10.6. Generic Modbus RTU sensor configuration
11.1. Illustration of Period, Pulse Width and Duty Cycle.
11.2. Configuration Menu for CLK-Line Test in Meteo-42.
11.3. Setup for CLK-Line test of Serial Interface.
11.4. Meteo-42 RS-485 biasing configuration
11.5. Electrical Connection Plan: RS-485 client terminals of Meteo-42
11.6. RS-485-Bus (CL1, CL2) setup with termination and biasing using Meteo-42
11.7. RS-485-Bus CL3 (or SCADA) in Half-Duplex with external Biasing
11.8. RS-485-Bus CL3 (or SCADA-Bus) in Full-Duplex with external Biasing
11.9. Use switches to supply sensors.
11.10. Use switches and 5 V to control external loads.
12.1. Mounting threads dimensions.
13.1. Meteo-42 Supply incl. Modem
13.2. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage (Pyranometer)
13.3. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage (Temperature / Barometric Pressure Sensor)
13.4. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage (Temperature + Humidity Sensor)
13.5. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage / Current Source (4-wire-connection; Pt1000)
13.6. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage / Current Source (4-wire-connection; Pt1000 + Humidity)
13.7. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage (Potentiometric Wind Vane)
13.8. Electrical Connection Plan: Analog Voltage with Voltage Divider (R1, R2)
13.9. Electrical Connection Plan: Pulse Counter (Anemometer)
13.10. Electrical Connection Plan: Pulse Counter with Pull-up Module for Precipitation Measurement
13.11. Electrical Connection Plan: Digital Serial for Serial Wind Vane (Thies TMR)
13.12. Electrical Connection Plan: Status with Pull-down Module
13.13. Electrical Connection Plan: Status for Obstacle Light
13.14. Electrical Connection Plan: Switch external Sensor Heating via Meteo-42 Switch Manager

List of Tables

1.1. Meteo-42 feature overview
3.1. Accounts and permissions
3.2. Menu of the Web Interface
5.1. ASCII escape sequences for RS-485 Serial Interface
5.2. Modbus RTU function codes supported by Modbus RTU Helper mode for RS-485 Serial Interface
7.1. Data Transmission with Meteo-42
7.2. Automatic vs. Interactive Communication with Meteo-42
7.3. Ports used by Meteo-42
7.4. Scheduling Templates
7.5. Short Message Commands
8.1. Modbus Invalid values
8.2. Optional Available Information and configuration
8.3. Modbus Endianness for SCADA Server
8.4. Modbus Device Identification
8.5. Set switches state
9.1. Menu: System
9.2. Menu: Status
9.3. Menu: Channels/Evaluations
9.4. Menu: Channels/Analog Voltage
9.5. Menu: Channels/Counter
9.6. Menu: Channels/Digital Lines
9.7. Menu: Channels/Switches
9.8. Menu: Channels/Internal
10.1. Sensors for Wind Measurement
10.2. Sensors for Solar Measurement
10.3. Sensors for Meteorological Purposes
10.4. Electrical Measurement Devices
10.5. Overview Anemometers
10.6. Connecting Thies FCA X to Meteo-42
10.7. Overview Propeller Anemometer
10.8. Comparison of Wind Vane Accuracy
10.9. Overview Wind vanes TMR
10.10. Parameters for the configuration of potentiometric wind vanes
10.11. Configuration of RS-485 Wind Vanes
10.12. Kintech Geovane
10.13. Parameters for the configuration of temperature humidity sensors
10.14. Tolerance Classes - Platinum Resistance Thermometers (Pt100)
10.15. Data request for RS-485 Temperature Humidity Sensors
10.16. Parameters for the configuration of barometric pressure sensors
10.17. Data request for RS-485 Barometric Pressure Sensors
10.18. Pyranometers
10.19. Data request for RS-485 pyranometer
10.20. Pyrheliometers
10.21. Sunshine Duration Sensors
10.22. Data request for RS-485 Sun Tracker
10.23. Configuration of RS-485 CSPS RSI
10.24. Configuration details for RS-485 Reference Cell
10.25. Implementation details for surface temperature sensors
10.26. Parameters for the configuration of precipitation sensors
10.27. Configuration of RS-485 Laser Precipitation Monitor Sensors
10.28. Requested values
10.29. Requested values
10.30. SG1000 status signals
10.31. Soil Moisture Sensors
10.32. RS-485 Soil Water Content Sensors
10.33. Data request for RS-485 Soiling Measurement
10.34. Data request for DustIQ RS-485 Soiling Measurement
10.35. Configuration details for other RS-485 Sensors / Devices
10.36. Data types available
11.1. Analog Channels of Meteo-42
11.2. Counter / Period Channels of Meteo-42
11.3. Digital Channels of Meteo-42
11.4. Current Source Channels of Meteo-42
11.5. Voltage Source Channels of Meteo-42
12.1. Electrical Specifications of Analog Voltage Channels / Differential Inputs
12.2. Electrical Specifications of Counter Channels / Non-Differential Inputs
12.3. Electrical Specifications of Digital Channels (Serial Input / Output)
12.4. Electrical Specifications for Digital Clock Output
12.5. Electrical Specifications for Anlog Current Source
12.6. Electrical Specifications for Precision 5V Voltage Source
12.7. Electrical Specifications for Switches
12.8. Electrical Specification of the RS-485 Interface
12.9. Electrical Specification of the Ethernet Interface
12.10. Electrical Specification of the USB Interfaces
12.11. Electrical Specification of the Power Supply
12.12. Typical Power Consumption for different use cases
14.1. Cryptographic Software

List of Equations

5.1. Linear Equation for Wind Speed
5.2. Addition of two elements
5.3. Addition of three elements
5.4. Calculation of Density [ρ] of Dry Air
5.5. Calculation of Density [ρ] of Moist Air
5.6. Albedo
5.7. Ohm's law
5.8. Calculation of the Temperature Difference [Δtheta]
5.9. Division
5.10. Calculation of effective irradiance
5.11. Calculation of SR ISC normalized according to IEC 61724-1
5.12. Expected ISC from the soiled device according to IEC 61724-1
5.13. Calculation of SR ISC for identical soiled and clean devices
5.14. Calculation of SLI
5.15. Calculation of SLI normalized
5.16. Pyrgeometer incoming long wave irradiance
5.17. Net radiation total
5.18. Calculation of the inflow angle
5.19. Linear equation
5.20. Multiplication
5.21. Turbulence intensity
5.22. Longitudinal turbulence intensity
5.23. Calculation of the Obukhov Length
5.24. Calculation of the friction velocity
5.25. Calculation of the Obukhov stability parameter
5.26. Calculation of the sensible heat flux
5.27. Calculation of Diffuse Solar Irradiance
5.28. Calculation of total apparent power [S].
5.29. Calculation wind direction true-north.
6.1. Calculation of wind direction average
8.1. Scale Factor
10.1. Calculation of Wind Energy [P]
10.2. Calculation of Global Horizontal Irradiation
10.3. Calculation of Wind Speed (v)
10.4. Wind Direction Offset
10.5. 10-bit digital wind vane formula
10.6. Calculation of the Wind Direction (D)
10.7. Calculation of Temperature (T)
10.8. Calculation of Humidity (RH)
10.9. Calculation of Air Pressure (P)
10.10. Calculation of Solar Irradiance (E)
10.11. Calculation of Direct Solar Irradiation (E)
10.12. Calculation of Solar Irradiation (E)
10.13. Calculation of Precipitation Quantity (N)